Ad fraud is the deceptive use of paid advertising to impersonate a brand, mislead buyers, or divert ad spend and traffic away from a…

App cloning is the practice of copying a legitimate app’s branding, interface or functionality to publish a lookalike app, typically…

Brand impersonation is the use of a brand’s name, logo or visual identity by a fake social media account, page or profile that…

Brand phishing is a scam that impersonates a real, trusted brand in an email, text message or fake login page to trick a customer into…

A counterfeit listing is a product listing on a marketplace or storefront that misrepresents a fake or unauthorised product as genuine,…

AI-generated video, audio or storefronts impersonating a brand or spokesperson to defraud customers and damage trust.

Digital risk protection is the practice of continuously monitoring the internet for threats against a brand’s identity, customers and…

EU DSA counterfeit liability is the legal obligation, under the European Union's Digital Services Act (DSA), for online marketplaces to…

A fake product listing is a marketplace listing that misrepresents itself as, or copies, a genuine product to deceive a buyer into a…

Fake reviews and review manipulation inflate seller ratings artificially — and a review-velocity spike is one of the clearest signals of a counterfeit seller.

Grey market goods are genuine, authentic products sold outside the manufacturer’s authorised distribution channel — often…

Marketplace monitoring is the continuous scanning of e-commerce marketplaces for listings that infringe a brand, such as counterfeit…

Online brand abuse is the umbrella term for any misuse of a brand’s identity across the internet, from counterfeit listings and…

Online brand protection is the ongoing practice of monitoring the internet for unauthorised use of a brand, such as counterfeit listings,…

A phishing domain is a website set up to impersonate a real brand, usually to trick visitors into entering login credentials, payment…

Reverse image search is a technique that searches the web for other instances of a specific image, used in brand protection to find…

A rogue affiliate breaks program terms to claim commissions it hasn't earned, from brand-bidding ads to cookie stuffing and counterfeit promotion.

A rogue app is a mobile app that impersonates or clones a real brand’s app, whether to mislead users, harvest personal data, or…

Seller verification is the process of confirming a marketplace seller’s identity, business legitimacy and authorisation to sell a…

SKU-level matching is a method of verifying whether a marketplace listing genuinely corresponds to a specific product in a brand’s…

Social commerce fraud is the sale of counterfeit or unauthorised goods directly through social platforms, using shoppable posts, Reels,…

A takedown request is a formal notice filed with a marketplace, platform, registrar or app store asking for an infringing listing, account,…

Typosquatting is the registration of a domain name that’s a slight misspelling or visual variant of a real brand’s domain, such…

An unauthorised reseller is a seller account offering a brand’s genuine or near-genuine products on a marketplace without permission…

Copying a brand's site content and design to deceive visitors, distinct from typosquatting's domain-name trick.